UU ITE

UU ITE 

Secara garis besar UU ITE mengatur hal-hal sebagai berikut :

* Tanda tangan elektronik memiliki kekuatan hukum yang sama dengan tanda tangan konvensional (tinta basah dan bermaterai). Sesuai dengan E-ASEAN Framework Guidelines (pengakuan tanda tangan digital lintas batas).
* Alat bukti elektronik diakui seperti alat bukti lainnya yang diatur dalam KUHP.
* UU ITE berlaku untuk setiap orang yang melakukan perbuatan hukum, baik yang berada di wilayah Indonesia maupun di luar Indonesia yang memiliki akibat hukum di Indonesia.
* Pengaturan Nama domain dan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual.
* Perbuatan yang dilarang (cybercrime) dijelaskan pada Bab VII (pasal 27-37):
o Pasal 27 (Asusila, Perjudian, Penghinaan, Pemerasan)
o Pasal 28 (Berita Bohong dan Menyesatkan, Berita Kebencian dan Permusuhan)
o Pasal 29 (Ancaman Kekerasan dan Menakut-nakuti)
o Pasal 30 (Akses Komputer Pihak Lain Tanpa Izin, Cracking)
o Pasal 31 (Penyadapan, Perubahan, Penghilangan Informasi)
o Pasal 32 (Pemindahan, Perusakan dan Membuka Informasi Rahasia)
o Pasal 33 (Virus?, Membuat Sistem Tidak Bekerja (DOS?))
o Pasal 35 (Menjadikan Seolah Dokumen Otentik (phising?))

The Business Report

The Business Report

Reports are aspecially important as a means of gaining and giving information.

Essential Qualities
Report-writing is a specialized form of communication and its cardinal merits, like those in business letter-writing, are clarity, brevity, and strict accuracy.

Clarity
Your report must be crystal clear. Clear writing is the product of clear thinking; if you don’t think clearly you can’t write clearly.
Completeness and accuracy

Whether the report is routine or special, short or long, it must be both complete and accurate. A course of action based on incomplete or inaccurate information may well prove to be a costly business.

Tone
The tone for a report is more formal than that for the business letter. It is therefore customary to write in the impersonal third person, except when the report is the account of an eye-witness or is made in letter form.



Planning the Report
Planning the report will often be a much lengthier and more complex, document involving collection, assembly, selection, logical arrangement and interpretation of material from which conclusions are drawn and recommendations sometimes made.

Assembly and selection
Every report has its own special requirements, but certain sources of information are common to all and the extent to which each is used will vary with the nature of the report and the kind of information it calls for.

Organizations and presentation Collecting and assembling relevant information is the foundation of all good report-writing.



Stucture of the Report

Short Reports
In short report it is customaryto arrange items in the following order:

a. Terms of references;

b. Investigation procedure adopted;

c. Findings;

d. Conclusion drawn;

e. Recommendations; if these are required.

Detailed Reports
a. A title page

b. A table of contents

c. A synopsis

d. The body of the report, sectionalized under headings and sub-headings consisting of:

i. An introdution

ii. Investigation methods adopted

iii. Findings

iv. Conclusions drawn

v. Recommendations

e. Acknowledgements

f. Appendixes

Checking the Report
When completed, the draft of the report should be carefully checked to make sure that the facts, and especially figures, are correctly quoted and that the language used flows easily and smoothly and is unmistakably clear.



Forms of Presentation

Reports in letter form
Short reports dealing with subject-matter that is simple and straighforward are often made in letter form. Reports in this form take on the guise of business letters.

Reports in tabular form
Where the material is complex and detailed the letter form of report is not suitable, and in lengthy report it becomes necessary to adopt a tabular or shematic arrangement in which subject-matter is classified and grouped in sections under headings and subheadings, with still further subdivisions if the material lends itself to this.

Reports in paragraph form
Not all reports are long enough or detailed enough to call for five-point headings; four, or even three are probably more usual. For very long reports it is sometimes better to follow the simpler arrangement of numbered paragraphs grouped under section headings.


The Memorandum
As defined in the Shorter Oxford Dictionary a memorandum is “a note to help the memory”, and in commerce as “an informal communication, especially one on paper headed with the word Memorandum”. The memorandum is an informal document and, unlike the business letter, bears no iniside name and address, no salutation and no complimentary close. Handwritten memoranda are frequently used for giving instruction and conveying routine messages.

Expression

Expression

There are so many expression, here the example:

Expressing Congratulations

Congratulations on getting a new job
Congratulations on your marriage
Congratulations on your escape ( success )  
                                        
Please accept my congratulations
I convey my congratulations to you
Happy feast day
Many happy returns
Have a good trip
I wish you a happy new year
Happy birthday
Happy valentine
Happy new year
Merry Chrismast
Happy Ied

Expressing Instruction

Open the window!
You must open the window!
You should open the window!
Be careful!
You must not do it!
You should do it!
Don`t be lazy
No smoking
Mind your head
You must not be lazy
Be quiet, will you?
Move the chair here
Don`t do that
Sit down, will you?
Draw a circle!
Don`t forget to bring the food with you

Expressing Gratitude

Thank you
Thank you very much
I`m very much obliged to you
I`m very grateful
I don`t know how to thank you
Expressing Pride
My dad is proud of my sister
I feel proud of my brother
Expressing Pain
Ouch, it hurt me so much
It`s very painful, i can`t stand it
Ouch! Stop pinching me
Aw! The pain hurts me very much
Ouch! That hurts!
Ooh! My headaches and my back hurts
Oh! What shall i do if he`s already married?

Expressing Annoyance
I need a break
I`m losing my mind
Gosh...what is this?
Oh, no!
I`m frightened
I really hate...
It annoys me...
It irritates me
I`m very annoyed
I`m fed up with...
Expressing Anger
Oh, hell!
You turkey!
You burn me up
You`re getting me angry
I`m starting to get angry, 1... 2... 3...
Are you trying to make me angry?
Are you trying to tell me i`m not good enough for you?

Expressing Sorrow
She was overhelmed by her sorrow
My heart is so burdened
I can`t tell my pain and sorrow in words
It brought me a lot of misery
I`m so sad to hear it
I regret having to do this
I`m feeling bad at this time

Expressing Scared ( Fear )
I`m scared
You scare me
It`s frightening
It`s horrible
The sight terrified me so much
The fear is creeping into my heart
I can`t forget that terrible experience

Expressing ReliefOh` that's a relief
Thank goodness for that
Thank heavens!
Oh, good!
Oh, marvelous!
Oh, what a relief!
Phew!
Thank God for that
I feel so relieved
It`s very relaxing
I`m very relieved to hear that

Expressing Introduction
Introducing Self
1. I want to introduce my self

2. Let me introduce my self

3. May i introduce my self?

Introducing Someone to Someone Else


1. I`d like you to meet my boy friend, Dika

2. Let me introduce my friend, Santi

3. Have you meet my friend, Rio? 


 

Expressing Appointment
Making an appointment
1. I`d like to make an appointment with...

2. I want to make an appointment to see...

3. Can i came and see you/

- I`ll be there

- What about on Sunday?

Accepting an appointment

1. All right,see you there

2. No problem, i`m free on...

3. I`ll wait for you there

4. Be there on time

5. It`s a deal

Canceling an appointment

1. I`m sorry i`m very busy

2. I`m terribly sorry i have to put off my appointment

3. I`m afraid i have to post my appointment with...

Changing an appointment

1. What about....( Saturday)?

2. Is that OK. If we meet at 10 tomorrow morning?

3. Do you have another time this afternoon?

Expressing Happiness
I`m happy
I can`t say how pleased i`m
Great!
Terrific!
Fantastic!

Expressing Attention
Look out!
Watch out!
Waiter!
How beautiful!
Mind your head!
Take care you don`t catch cold!
Make sure is locked
You look fantastic
Excuse me
Listen to me, please!
Can i have your attention, please!
Whats the matter?
Is everything all right
Look here

Expressing Prise
I just love your smile
The burger is delicious
That`s great job
That`s nice duty
I think your bracelet is very nice
Expressing Surprise
It is strange that she did not tell you
He were greatly amazed seeing that
I`m very surprise to see me
Oh, really!

- Noun Phrase: Nice dress!, Pretty girl!

- What....! : What a lovely day!, What an interesting HP i bought!

- How....! : How clean the room is!, How beautiful i`m!

- So....! : It`s so wonderful!, You`re so tall!
I don`t believe it!
I can`t believe it!
Are you kidding?!

Expressing a Promise
Asking for a promise
1. Make me a promise, won`t you?

2. Is that a promise

3. Do you give me your word on that?

Offering a promise

1. It`s a promise

2. I promise to love you endlessly

3. I give you my word on that

4. You have my word on it

Expressing Wonder ( curiosity )
Asking about tought/feeling

1. How do you feel about it?

2. What are you thinking about?

3. Is something bothering you?

4. Want to talk about it?

5. Are you O.K?

Expressing wonder

1. I wonder at her rudeness

2. I wonder who she is

3. I was just wondering how to do it

4. I`m thinking about

Expressing a Possibility
Asking about possibility

1. Is it possible to see Mount Merbabu from here

2. Is there any possibility of selling everything today?

3. What possibility is there that they`re still alive?

Starting possibility

1. Maybe

2. Perhaps

3. Could be

4. It`s possible

5. They my be 

Expressing Wishes
Giving general wishes


1. I wish you luck

2. Good luck

3. Best of luck

4. Good fortune be with you

5. I hope that everything goes OK for you

Responding to general wishes

1. Thank you

2. Thank you very much

3. Many thanks

4. Thanks. You too

5. Thank you and the same to you

Expressing Complaining and Giving an Order
Expressing complaint

1. I want to complain about these shoes

2. I`m afraid...it`s just not good enough

3. Something must be done

4. I wish you wouldn`t bother us

5. I`m not at all satisfied with your...

Giving an order

1. Give me that

2. Be quiet!

3. Don`t sit there!

4. Stop it, i tell you!

5. Will you hurry up!

Expressing Confession

1. I admit i was wrong

2. You`re right and i was wrong

3. It was my own fault

4. I`m sorry i have made a mistake

5. I was the one to blame

Expressing Blaming

1. It was your own fault

2. I told you but you wouldn`t listen

3. It`s no use crying over spilt milk

4. It serves you right

5. Perhaps that`ll teach you a lesson

Expressing a Plan
Asking about plans

1. Whats is your plan?

2. What are you going to do then?

3. What do you intend to do?

4. What are you planning to do? 

Hiding plans

1. I`ve got a particular plan

2. I can`t tell you now

3. I can`t make up my mind

4. You`ll see later

Starting plans

1. My plan is...

2. I`m going to...

3. I intend to...

4. I`m planing to...
Expressing Advising
Asking for advice

1. Do you think i ought to call the police?

2. What do you think i should buy him for his birthday

3. If you were me, what would you tell her?

4. Do you have any advice for me?

5. Could you give me some advice? 

Offering advice

1. I think you`d better start looking for a new job

2. If i were you, i`d stop writing her

3. Why don`t you try calling her tonight?

4. Try ignoring her for a while

5. I advise you to talk with your lawyer 

Expressing Opinion
Asking opinion

1. What do you think of...

2. Do you think it`s going...

3. Do you have any idea?

4. How do you like...?

5. What`s your opinion?

Expressing opinion

1. In my opinion...

2. As i see it...

3. I think...

4. I believe...

5. It seems that...

Expressing Attitudes
a. Expressing justification

1. That`s why...

2. Besides...

3. Because...

4. What i mean is...

5. To be honest...
b. Expressing thinking expressions

1. Now, let me think...

2. It`s difficult to say exactly,but...

3. That`s an interesting question

4. I`ll have to think about that

5. Let me see...

c. Expressing Speculation

1. Maybe...

2. I guess...

3. I suppose...

4. Perhaps...

5. It`s quite possible that...